SummaryÄ«oth atomic and molecular orbitals are regions having the highest electron densities in atoms and molecules, respectively. Molecular Orbital:Two more nuclei affect the electron cloud in molecular orbitals. Effect of NucleusĪtomic Orbital: Single nucleus affects the electron cloud in atomic orbitals Molecular Orbital:Molecular orbital is polycentric as it is found around different nuclei. NucleusĪtomic Orbital: Atomic orbital is monocentric as it is found around a single nucleus. Molecular Orbital: Linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) is used. Describing the Electron DensityĪtomic Orbital: Schrodinger equation is used. Molecular Orbital: The shape of the molecular orbital is determined the shapes of atomic orbitals that make the molecule. ShapeĪtomic Orbital: The shape of atomic orbitals is determined by the type of the atomic orbital (s,p,d or f). Molecular Orbital: Molecular orbitals are formed by the fusion of atomic orbitals that have nearly the same energy. FormationĪtomic Orbital:Atomic orbitals are formed by the electron cloud around the atom. Molecular Orbital:Molecular orbital is the region having the highest probability of finding an electron of a molecule. The method is called linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method.įigure 2: Formation of molecular orbital Difference Between Atomic Orbital and Molecular Orbital DefinitionĪtomic Orbital: Atomic orbital is the region having the highest probability of finding an electron in an atom. Hence, scientists have developed a method for approximate evaluation of the behavior of electrons in a molecule. However, due to the complexity of molecules, the application of Schrodinger equation is quite difficult. The behavior of the electron in a molecular orbital can be described by using the Schrodinger equation. However, as per Pauliâs principle, these two electrons must have opposite spin. Like an atomic orbital, a molecular orbital can hold a maximum number of two electrons. According to Aufbau rule, the molecular orbitals are filled from low energy orbital to high energy orbital. The final shape of the molecular orbital depends on the shapes of atomic orbitals that make the molecule. Thus, the nuclei of different atoms behave as a polycentric nucleus. Unlike atomic orbitals, the molecular orbitals do not belong to a single atom in a molecule but belong to nuclei of all the atoms which make the molecule. Molecular orbitals are formed by the combination of nearly the same energy atomic orbitals. The new orbitals present in the molecules are now called molecular orbitals. According to molecular orbital theory, when atoms are fused to form a molecule, the overlapping atomic orbitals lose their shape due to the effect of nuclei. The properties of molecular orbitals are explained by the molecular orbital theory. The energies of orbitals are in order of s ![]() Quantum mechanics explain the probability of the location of an electron of an atom. The Atomic orbital is a region having the highest probability of finding an electron. What is the difference between Atomic Orbital and Molecular Orbital â Definition, Characteristics, PropertiesÄ£. The main difference between atomic and molecular orbital is that the electrons in an atomic orbital are influenced by one positive nucleus, while the electrons of a molecular orbital are influenced by the two or more nuclei depending upon the number of atoms in a molecule. Orbitals can hold a maximum of two electrons. Valence bond theory and molecular orbital theory explains the properties of atomic and molecular orbitals, respectively. When these orbitals are overlapped to form molecules through the bonding, the orbitals are called molecular orbitals. Atoms have their own electrons rotating around the nucleus. Orbital is defined as a region where the probability of finding an electron is high. Main Difference â Atomic Orbital vs Molecular Orbital
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